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The Hydrogen Charging Cycle
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Hydrogen is constantly transitioning from the earth's core, into the magma layer, crust, oceans, atmosphere and finally, out into space. The Hydrogen Cycle theory addresses these transition stages, encompassing three separate processes in our planet's energy system - The Charging Cycle; the Discharge Cycle; and the Release Cycle. Below we will examine the first of these, The Charging Cycle.
If one injects hydrogen into water at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalytic agent or promoter, and if this water is saturated with oxygen, new chemical bonds will form and the amount of water will increase. A PEM fuel cell is a prime example of this process in action. In a PEM fuel cell, high pressure hydrogen and oxygen are forced through a membrane to create water. The PEM membrane acts as the water described above and the platinum anode is the catalytic agent or promoter. This process produces three byproducts - water, heat and electron flow or electricity.
We know that sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sulfate (SO4-2) are promoters of this reaction from electrolysis and battery chemistry. Therefore, this process could be done on a very large scale if all the conditions were correct. At the bottom of the oceans, water evolves from the ocean floor from hydrothermal or geothermal vents called black smokers, white smokers and seeps. The pressure at these depths is 250 times the surface atmosphere or 3600 psi, and the temperature of the water coming out of these vents is between 300 to 500+ degrees Celsius. Hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide is vented from these geothermal vents into the water column and sulfur is deposited into the cones of the black smokers as a precipitate at a rate of 30 cm or one foot per day in this process. For this to occur, some chemical reaction must be taking place, otherwise the sulfur would not be left behind.
Our theory would suggest that all of the conditions are correct for water to be created in the oceans around these geothermal vents. The question is, 'How could this be tested from what is currently known by science?' The water would be much more acidic than normal around these vents (measured at pH 2.8 or the same as vinegar) as the H+ was absorbed into the water. Sulfur from the hydrogen sulfide would be left behind in the process and it is in the cones of the black smoker. Science has no known, viable theory for how water is formed and by any measure, it is simply not known. Some theories presented suggest the planet was hit by a large, icy comet that obtained its water from star formation, but this concept has many inherent challenges.
Water contains oxygen that is absorbed from the atmosphere through wave action in the oceans. This process infuses the water with oxygen which is, in turn, used by fish and other sea creatures to breath. Because oxygen is negatively charged by nature, it is drawn to the positive ions in the water. As discussed earlier, the hydrogen from geothermal vents is positively charged, making the water acidic and this causes the water to neutralize the acidity of the hydrogen. This proposed theory suggests that this process is how water is formed on the planet every single second of the day. However, if water is created at a estimated rate of 370 trillion gallons a year, then wouldn't the ocean levels be rising? The answer to this question is NO, because water is dissociated just as rapidly through the lightning process described elsewhere in this website.
The following diagrams compare how the proposed theory differs from current scientific thinking. It is proposed that water is not simply recirculated seawater as shown in the Current Scientific Theory diagram, but rather is continuously created, as shown in the lower Proposed diagram.
CURRENT SCIENTIFIC THEORY
PROPOSED THEORY
If water is created continuously in this manner, then these geothermal vents would produce large quantities of water. By some estimates, geothermal vents expel 370 trillion gallons of water annually and this is only a calculated estimate from what we currently know. We really have no idea how many geothermal vents exist at the bottom of the ocean.
The above presents the the first of three associated Hydrogen Cycle theories i.e. The Hydrogen Charging Cycle. Refer to the following links for information concerning
2) The Hydrogen Discharge Cycle and
