The liberation of energy inspired by nature.
Energy In - Energy Out
Message from the Inventor
NOHRMAN vs LIGHTNING
Sulfur Cycle
Hydrogen Cycle
Lightning
Global Warming
Energy In-Energy Out
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The Laws of Thermodynamics are the basic principles of both physics and chemistry and are unwavering in both their simplicity and complexity. They lay the ground rules that govern the universe as we know it. Two of the main laws are stated below, and it is believed that no system can contradict these laws, otherwise it cannot function within the known scientific universe. Some of the theories presented within this website, involving lightning and thunderstorms, present new scientific theory, however, do adhere to the principles and the Laws of Thermodynamics.
"Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only change forms."
In a simple manner, the second law states that "energy systems have a tendency to increase their entropy" rather than decrease it. A pithy summation of the Second Law would be "You Can't Break Even".
The steam engine, shown below, is a good example of the Laws in action. Inherent in the Laws is the Energy Balance that helps to define energy within the contained system of the Steam Engine, according to the Laws of Thermodynamics.
The Energy Balance:
Energy in = Energy out + Energy lost across the system + Work done
In the schematic, Energy-In is red, Energy-Out is blue, Energy-Lost is the friction of movement and the heating of the metal of the engine, and WORK is the work done by the turning crankshaft that drives the pistons up and down.
One of the main problems with the Laws of Thermodynamics is that they can become very complex and misunderstood when they are related to atoms and molecules. In very basic terms, modern science would suggest that if you design a system that creates energy from nothing, the system will not function as it is described; and if the system is >100% efficient and there are no losses to the surrounding environment, then the system is not described accurately. This implies that energy must come from somewhere and go somewhere, and there are always energy losses across a system.
At the atomic and molecular levels, this energy exists within the atoms and their molecular bonds to other atoms. To break or make bonds, energy is required or expended. This is an absolute in both chemistry and physics. However, the movement of electrons from one atom to another is energy neutral. This means that as the electrons move from one place to another within the defined molecular system, outside energy is not required. The energy that went into breaking or making a bond is the only energy required or used by the system because systems are isolated from each other and at equilibrium.
As an example of this, when water is dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis, electrons flow, causing the water molecules to absorb the energy and new molecules to form. This process is termed a "redox reaction" or "reduction and oxidation reaction". In this process, two water molecules (2 X H2O) become two diatomic hydrogen molecules (2 X H2) and one diatomic oxygen molecule (O2), and energy is moved from one to the other. Four electrons moved and four electrons were required to cause this to happen. In this event, some of the inputted energy is lost in the form of heat into the water and into the surrounding environment, causing inefficiencies in the system. Therefore, the energy balance formula holds - "Energy In = Energy Out + Energy Lost across the system".
Note: Water, by itself, is a poor conductor of electricity and for electrolysis to work, salts must be added to it to create ions that allow electrons to flow. These salts are very often sulfur oxide salts such as sulfate SO4-2.
In the NOHRMAN (H+e) System, we introduce latent energy in the form of chemical bonding energy. Some of the chemicals in the NOHRMAN process bond together in an exothermic reaction that produces (heat) energy which, in turn, reduces energy losses throughout the system. As one of the many processes within NOHRMAN, this allows us to ultimately produce both electrical energy and hydrogen at the same time. At first take, what appears to be additional energy output, a contradiction to the laws of thermodynamics, is not in fact, because the latent chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of the reactants is released and used within the NOHRMAN system.
It is proposed that the same NOHRMAN process described above, exists in nature with the creation of lightning in a thunderstorm or in a volcanic cloud. As part of the natural energy system of the planet, lightning (electrical energy) is created at the same time hydrogen (therefore, mass and energy) is released or lost from the atmosphere. The exit of hydrogen from the atmosphere simply represents the transfer of mass and energy to systems beyond our own planetary energy system (thereby complying with the principles of the Energy Balance and the Laws of Thermodynamics).
The theory presented above is complemented with an equally compelling theory surrounding the source of the hydrogen/ energy of our planet that has transitioned out of the atmosphere. Refer to the Hydrogen Charging Cycle in this website.
